ILLUSTRATI GENESIS: Day 5

Seven little lessons to rediscover our everyday life.
Seven days for the Creation… of a new perspective.

DAY 5 – THE ANIMALS OF WATER AND HEAVENS

The well-known detail: Around April-May, when plants become luxuriant again after winter hibernation, for many people the nightmare starts again: rhinitis, asthma, conjunctivitis. If you don’t know anyone who is allergic to pollens, maybe you are the one: in Italy, about one person out of five suffers from this chronic disease.

Dandelion seed – photography by Matthias Kabel

The background: Pollens cause the majority of allergies, but it is wrong to assume that these tiny grains are the only little creatures flying in the wind.

In 1910 some German scholars had already discovered some algae that live in the air; in the 1960s Malcolm Brown of the University of Austin, Texas, noticed that some types of clouds contained certain species of algae along with many other microbes.
Actually, a beautiful and seemingly clear sky is not only crossed by flocks of birds: to date, 1,000 species of bacteria (with a concentration of about 500 per m³), 40,000 varieties of fungal spores and hundreds of algae have been detected in the air, along with mosses, protozoans and liverworts.
Not to mention the most minute insects or those spiders that produce a spider’s web and let it swing until a draught lifts them in flight and then drops them off many miles away.

Aerobiologists, who study this biodiversity throbbing in the atmosphere, use the term ‘aeroplankton’ to define these floating organic particles as a whole, by analogy with the floating aquatic organisms carried by sea currents or freshwater pools.
Aeroplankton literally means “wandering in the air”: although unable to fly autonomously, some of these living creatures eat, evacuate and even reproduce in the sky.

The Fifth Lesson: Try and imagine that the sky is like the sea. Trees and plants grow attached to the seabed, mammals and other land creatures crawl and walk over them. We are also there, submerged under thousands of meters of an ethereal substance, where countless tiny creatures frantically move. Above the surface of this enormous ocean that covers everything, nothing is left but the sidereal cold.
This image – which is not so visionary, as we have learned – may not provide a relief against allergy symptoms … but our small daily problems are going to be less burdensome when looked at from this perspective, bearing in mind that we are part of a strange, absurd, gigantic bubble in which everything is impregnated with life.

This post is part of the series ILLUSTRATI GENESIS:
– Day 1 & 2
– Day 3
– Day 4
– Day 5 (this article)

Ballonfest 1986

Oct17

On that saturday morning, September 27, 1986, Cleveland was ready for an explosion of wonder.
For six months a Los Angeles company, headed by Treb Heining, had been working to organize the event which would break, in a spectacular way, a weird world record held at the time by Disneyland: in the first hours of the afternoon, a million and a half helium-filled balloons would be released simultaneously in the city sky.

The event was planned by United Way, a nonprofit organization, as part of the fundraising campaign for its activities supporting families in Cleveland.
In Public Square, Heining and his team mounted a huge structure, 250×150 feet wide, supporting a single, huge net built from the same material of the Space Shuttle cargo nets. Under this structure, for hours and hours more than 2.500 students and volunteers had been filling the colored balloons which, held by the net, formed a waving and impressive ceiling. After a first few hours of practice, their sore fingers wrapped in bandage aids, they had begun working automatically, each one of them tying a balloon every 20 seconds. Originally two millions baloons were meant to be prepared, but since some “leaks” had occurred, with several hundreds balloons escaping the net, it was decided to stop at a lower number.

Every precaution had been taken so that the release was completely safe: United Way worked together with the city, the Federal Aviation Administration, the fire and police department, to avoid unpleasant surprises.
Furthermore, the balloons were made of biodegradable latex, and organizers estimated that they would pop or deflate right over Lake Erie, only to decompose quickly and with no environmental impact.
With all this apparently meticulous preparation, no one could suspect that the joyful, colored party could turn into a nightmare.

Weather conditions were not the best: a storm was coming, so the organizers opted for an early release. At 1.50 pm the net was cut loose, and a gigantic cloud of balloons rose up against the buildings and the Terminal Tower, amidst cheering children, the applause and whooping of the crowd.

Like the mushroom cloud from an explosion, expanding in slow motion, the mass ascended in the sky to form a multicolored column.
That is when things took an unexpected turn.

The balloons met a current of cool air which pushed them back down, towards the ground. In little time, the city was completely invaded by a myriad of fluctuating balloons which covered the streets, moving in group, obscuring the sky, preventing drivers from seeing the road and hindering boats and helicopters. According to the witnesses, it felt like moving through an asteroid belt: some cars crashed because drivers steered to avoid a wave of balloons pushed by wind, or because they were distracted by the surreal panorama.

But the worse was yet to come: Raymond Broderick and Bernard Sulzer, two fishermen, had gone out the day before, and were reported missing; the Coast Guard, who was looking for them, spotted their boat near a a breakwater, but had to abandon the search because balloons filled the sky and covered the surface of the water, making it hard for both boats and helicopters.
The two bodies later washed ashore.

During the next days balloons kept raising concern: they caused the temporary shut down of an airport runway, and scared some horses in a pasture so much so that the animals suffered permanent damage. The balloons ended up on the opposite shore of Lake Erie, some 100 km away, so complaints began to come even from Canada. Also because, according to some environmentalists, the plastic was not at all “biodegradable” and would have soiled the coast for at least six months.
Other criticism involved the waste of such large quantities of helium, a gas that is a non-renewable resource on Earth, and which some scientists (including late Nobel Phisics Laureate R. Coleman Richardson) believe there already is a shortage of.

This attempt to create something unforgettable, in the end, was meant to be one of those joyful, purely aesthetic, wonderfully useless experiences that bring out the child in all of us. As laudable this idea was, it turned out to be maybe a little too naive and planned without taking into account with the due consideration all possible consequences. The game ended quite badly.
United Way was sued for several million dollars, turning the fundraising campaign into a failure. The due damages to one of the fishermen’s wife and to the horse breeder were settled for undisclosed terms. This disastrous stunt, which ended in the red and in wide controversy, is the perfect example of a world record nobody will attempt to break again.
Treb Hining and his company, in the meantime, still are in the balloon business, working for the Academy Award, the Super Bowl and many presidential conventions: his team is also in charge of dispersing three thousand pounds of confetti (yep, 100% biodegradable this time) on Times Square, every New Year’s Eve.

Jhator

Aug6

Siamo abituati a considerare la salma di un caro estinto con estremo rispetto: nonostante la convinzione che si tratti in definitiva di un involucro vuoto, le esequie occidentali si iscrivono nella tradizione cristiana della conservazione del cadavere, in attesa della resurrezione della carne. Anche esulando dall’ambito strettamente religioso, il rispetto per la salma non cambia: addirittura la cremazione, pur disfacendo il corpo, viene principalmente intesa da noi come metodo per “salvare” il corpo dalla naturale putrefazione, o per dissolvere metaforicamente l’anima del defunto nel mondo.

In Tibet, invece, le esequie tradizionali hanno assunto dei connotati decisamente distanti dalla nostra sensibilità, ma non per questo meno stimolanti o affascinanti. La cerimonia funebre del jhator, o “funerale del cielo”, si è sviluppata a causa della mancanza, alle grandi altitudini himalayane, della vegetazione necessaria alla cremazione e dell’estrema durezza del suolo che impedisce la sepoltura vera e propria. Jhator significa letteralmente “elemosina agli uccelli”, ed infatti sono proprio questi ultimi i protagonisti della cerimonia.

Dopo alcuni giorni di canti e preghiere, il corpo del defunto viene portato all’alba nel luogo sacro destinato al funerale, sul fianco di una montagna che guarda ad est. Il punto esatto delle esequie può essere in prossimità di templi (stupa), marcato da altari oppure da semplici lastre di pietra. Qui il corpo viene liberato dal sudario, e al sorgere del sole alcuni uomini (chiamati rogyapa, “distruttori di corpi”) cominciano a tagliare la salma secondo le indicazioni di un lama, seguendo un preciso ordine di dissezione rituale.

I primi pezzi di carne, strappati dalle ossa, vengono gettati a qualche metro di distanza, per attirare gli avvoltoi. Se questi non si avvicinano, viene eseguita una danza propiziatoria, il cui canto intriso di versi e suoni gutturali serve da richiamo per gli animali. In breve tempo alcune dozzine di uccelli sono allineati in fremente attesa. Dopo aver proceduto a rimuovere gli organi interni e a tagliare il corpo in pezzi sempre più piccoli, i rogyapa, con dei grossi martelli o con delle pietre, frantumano le ossa per mischiarle alla polpa.

Ogni brandello di carne viene dato in offerta agli avvoltoi, e niente va conservato: una volta sazi, questi enormi uccelli lasciano i rimasugli ai falchi e ai corvi più piccoli, che hanno pazientemente aspettato a debita distanza. Talvolta le carni vengono mischiate alla farina, per sottolineare come questo “pasto” sia davvero un’offerta.

Questo rito funebre, che può apparire barbaro agli occhi di un occidentale, è in realtà intriso di un profondo sentimento: quello dell’impermanenza, una delle grandi verità buddiste. Siamo soltanto di passaggio, appariamo e subito svaniamo nel nulla, in un continuo cambiamento di forma; l’accettazione di questa realtà rende la salma niente più che un guscio, utile a nutrire altri esseri viventi. Così il jhator è innanzitutto un atto rituale di generosità, ma dona anche la sensazione che il morto non sia mai veramente uscito dal ciclo naturale della vita.

In poco meno di un’ora del corpo non rimane più nulla, e i parenti si allontanano dal sacro luogo per far ritorno, più a valle, alle loro gioie e alle loro difficoltà quotidiane. Forse, per ricordare chi se ne è andato, è sufficiente lanciare uno sguardo alle vette dell’Himalaya, che brillano, immense, nel sole.

Ecco la pagina di Wikipedia (in inglese) sul jhator.

Primati che volano

May9

Siamo abituati a vedere sulla rete dozzine di video adrenalinici degli sport più estremi (base jumping, bunjee, ecc.), con le loro evoluzioni da capogiro, accompagnate da brani musicali epici ed elettrizzanti. Ma in questo filmato promozionale per il Melbourne Skydive Center, il regista ha deciso di puntare tutto su un’atmosfera completamente diversa. E il risultato toglie il fiato.

[vimeo http://vimeo.com/22428395]

(Scoperto via The Imaginary Foundation)